The coolant in the engine expands, as the engine heats up. It is partly filled with coolant and is connected to the overflow tube from the radiator filler neck. Many cooling systems have a separate coolant reservoir or expansion tank, also called the recovery tank. This air valve allows pressure from the air tank to enter the air cylinder attached to the shutter operating mechanism, forcing the shutters open. Trucks, equipped with an air brake, use a smaller thermostatic valve that actuates an air valve. The temperature of the coolant, when it reaches a predetermined temperature, causes the valve to expand extending a rod which through linkage forces the shutters open. A stationary engine uses a SHUTTERSTAT (long thermostatic valve) connected to the engine cooling system with hoses or pipes that allow the coolant to circulate through the valve.
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